Border personality disorder, everything you should know

Since the prehistory of man, we have not understood mental conditions.

Each head is a world. There are no two brains that think exactly the same. And, it is a fact that our brain can get sick like any other organ. The way our neurons are connected individually (SINAPTOM) is influenced by our past, our context and our personal experiences, all corresponds to The way neurons are given in the brain (connectoma) and as an individual distinguishes us from all others.

Content

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• Brain connections and human behavior
• Personality Limit Disorder Context (TLP)
• The concept of self -organized criticism
• A first approach to self -organized criticism and TLP
• Understanding disorders
• What role does personality play in TLP?
  • What is personality?
  • Personality Etiology
  • Is there borderline personality?
• Acronym in English Ocean
• Personality and self -concept traits
• TLP definition
• Etiology of personality disorders
• Characteristics of patients with TLP
• Epidemiology of personality border disorder
• What is the origin of limit or borderline personality disorder?
  • Epigenetic perspective
  • Biological perspective
  • Psychological perspective
  • Cultural perspective
  • Symptoms
• Diagnostic criteria
• Complications
• Treatment
  • Bibliography

Brain connections and human behavior

Sebastián Seung, neuroscientist at Princenton University, is one of the main drivers of connectomics. The connectomic, seeks to trace the global connection or map of the neuronal connections of the brain; The cartography of brain activity, which tries to describe the bioelectric traffic that flows on the highways of the connectoma, and the large -scale simulation of the brain, which seeks to explain our mental functions from biophysically realistic models capable of reproducing computations and algorithms that generates the brain (Defelipe, 2017).

Our mental functions can change over time, Strengthening some behaviors when they are constantly carried out and others are weakened, but they are practiced or left for oblivion. In misfortune, some behaviors also lead us to have a sick brain such as drug use, childhood traumas, sedentary lifestyle or violence.

The idea that some events in life can produce in individuals a mental illness until the first half of the previous century was a simple belief without scientific foundations. It was also throughout history where random events were associated with certain type of mental conditions. The madness; It was the product of God or the devil, witchcraft or spirits, the influence of the moon (lunatic) or the planets (Mars). The mentally ill have no cure and their life was of abuse, suffering and an eternal torture.

The second half of the previous century was the cradle of advances regarding analyzing and systematizing the information referring to the events of everyday life and its impact on the brain. Thus, in 1967, psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe, examined the medical records of more than 5.000 patients as a way to determine if stressful events can cause diseases (emotional freedom association, 2010).

Personality Limit Disorder Context (TLP)

He Limit personality disorder (TLP), It represents complex, multifactorial behavior and requires a transdisciplinary approach in its analysis and multidisciplinary treatment accordingly.

In this complexity of the FTA, many fatores are syncretized:

• relatives (compulsion to repetition and family imprint),
• personal and environmental as analyzed by social neuroscience (the brain influences the environment and the environment in the brain in good and bad),
• genetic conditions,
• events; Physical, chemical and electrical,
• neurological, and
• A complex socialization process that goes from: gestation, childhood, adolescence and adulthood.

How the Birth Order affects our personality

The concept of self -organized criticism

The analysis of this complexity is due to an intricate interaction of different systems, it is a dynamic between systems, it is a multifactorial behavior with many difficulties or it could also be understood as a self -organized criticism, for this case, different manifestations of systems in imbalance are apparently in appearance, But that correspond to the same reality, the TLP.

The concept of self -organized criticism comes from physics, discovered in 1987 by researchers Per Back, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld in the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. A very simple model that allows you to understand Back's proposal and its collaborators, "is a pile of sand". By dropping sand on a grain to grain surface, they will accumulate and form a growing mound. Over time, however, the battery will reach a critical point alone: ​​one in which it will become so unstable that it can crumble because of the fall of a single grain (Valverde & García, 2016).

Today, it applies to branches such as sociology, neurobiology and more recently in psychology. An example of this in physics is electromagnetism, studied by James Clerk Maxwell. Thus, it was learned that; Electricity, magnetism and light, are manifestations of the same, which occur under apparently different phenomena but all intrinsically related.

Brain neurons, for example, are activated when an external stimulus exceeds a certain value. Very low stimulation levels give rise to an inert system, while excess activity causes an overload And even failures. On the border between these two regimes there is a behavior very similar to the one produced during phase transitions in physical systems (Valverde & García, 2016).

Another is the Universal Gravitation Law described by Isaac Newton in the seventeenth century. Events such as Earth's Gravity, the Movement of the Planets and the Movement of the tides are part of the same.

A first approach to self -organized criticism and TLP

Self -organized criticism for the case of TLP implies that different systems apparently unrelated and in imbalance meet in this disorder. As we can see later, you can see, how different systems coincide or flow into the same reality

• For example in Repetition compulsion (Laplanche & Pontalis, 1996) Grandparents conflicts are unconsciously repeated by parents and later by children. Apparently we not only inherit the aspect of our ancestors, their experiences could also influence our present behavior. Iris-Tatjana Kolassa, director of the Department of Clinical Psychology and Biology of the University of ULM, points out: When a depressed young woman sits in front of me, it often soon discover that her mother also suffered depression. There are families in which mothers of successive generations died from suicide. Apparently, traumatic experiences not only overcome the affected person, but can even be transmitted from generation to generation.
• Currently in epigenetics (Science that studies the way in which gene activity is regulated) to what extent a person can transmit their experiences to the descendants through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic brands change under the influence of accumulated life experiences. Researchers define these as all the factors that have an impact on the body, be it food, stress, drug use or happiness (Gebhardt, 2018).
• In the family imprint, That is, the family seal associated in the family to the first experiences of socialization and contact The intimate, is recorded and has been proven that affectionate parents influence their children to have in the future more healthy relationships more healthy relationships. And, on the contrary, the bad treatment (physical or psychological), abandonment or indifference towards children, negatively influences them to choose unconsciously in adolescence and adulthood conflict, violence and very possibly of separation and with Traumatic effects. In summary: on the one hand, the good treatment of parents or caregivers, or conflicts and affective negligence during childhood affect health in adulthood (Chant, 2013). Subjects with this disorder can make frantic efforts to avoid real or imaginary abandonment. Most of these people have a very bad time when they are alone, even for very short periods of time.
• They are very sensitive to environmental circumstances. The perception of an imminent separation, rejection or loss of external structure can cause deep changes in self-image, affectivity, cognition and behavior.
• In the same way in the FTA, and through The perspective of social neuroscience, It has been proven that the influence of an environment of violence and negative makes a healthy brain. Healthy environments influence the brain and allow him to live more fully and in a healthier way, taking out his talents without much difficulty.
• Feel emotional pain, Understanding the pain circuit (it is a alarm sign, suffering and in itself it is a disease), it presents an integrated dynamic where diseases can cause physical pain (diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, for example ) and emotional pain can cause diseases (psychosomatic disorders). Most likely the most important effect on the physical and emotional is the deterioration of the quality of life of who suffers it. Physical pain and emotional pain is captured by the brain in the same areas. Research in the field of neurosciences demonstrate how emotional pain is processed in the brain through the same area that processes physical pain: The anterior cingular cortex, which is located in the prefrontal cortex, the area where more evolved and human functions occur (Castro, 2013). An essential aspect in the management of emotional pain is: to understand, control and eliminate it or relieve it.
• Comorbidity, This is another important aspect. The medical term refers to the presence of two or more mental disorders in addition to primary disease or disorder. And, to the presence of some other disease. This, of course aggravates the identification of the patient and their treatment. In addition, that your condition can worsen with TLP. It is very frequent that the borderline diagnosis does not appear alone, but linked to one or more mood disorders: posttraumatic stress disorder, panic and anxiety disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorder by attention deficit.
• The personality It is another event associated with TLP, it is described in another independent section.

In short, all these apparently unconnected events or systems and others that will be mentioned later form the breeding ground of the personality limit disorder.

Understanding disorders

For the American Psychology Association, a disorder is a group of symptoms involving abnormal physiological behaviors, persistent or intense affliction or an alteration of physiological functioning (APA, 2010).

Disorder is, on the other hand, the action and effect of upset (investing the regular order of something or disturbing someone's meaning or behavior). A psychological disorder, for example, refers to an imbalance of the mental state of a person. In general, who suffers from this type of disorders goes to a specialist (the psychologist) to receive treatment (through psychotherapy and other techniques) (definition.of, 2019).

A disorder is understood as an alteration of the state of health associated or not to a disease. In psychology, we talk about many disadvantic disorders that affect some areas of personal and everyday life.

A personality disorder implies an unbalanced and durable pattern of internal experience and behavior, that dates from adolescence or young adulthood, and that is manifested at least in two of the following areas: 1) cognition, 2) affectivity, 3) interpersonal functioning and 4) impulse control (Halguin & Krauss, 2004).

The term disorder is a polysemic concept and has different uses. It can refer to a mild alteration of health or a state of mental alienation, a mental disturbance, an imbalance of mental state, an unraveling pattern of behavior, a series of symptoms associated with a mental condition, for example. The TLP definition is described below.

Accumulation disorder

What role does personality play in TLP?

What is personality?

We can define the personality as a pattern of behavior that includes feelings and thoughts which are maintained throughout the life of an individual. In addition to the positive or negative features of the person, then then they are the characteristics of a person who distinguish it from others.

So we say, he or she is like that, you know what it is like!, It has a short wick!, is very sentimental!, Everything gets angry!, Nothing takes seriously!, Everything seems wrong .. !, He is very joking and funny!

Personality Etiology

The development of personality It begins from early childhood and acquires form and consistency to the age of adolescence.

Through various studies it has been observed that: inheritance, environment, education and socialization influence the acquisition of personality.

However, some traumatic event in everyday life can alter someone's personality.

Personality categories or classes have been determined among which are:

1. Outgoing: spontaneous, effusive, communicative, adventurous and sociable person.
2. Affable: friendly, warm, cooperative, helpful and compassionate.
3. Dependent: Organized, responsible, efficient, practical, careful and reliable.
4. Emotionally stable: Objective, quiet, calm and self -confident.
5. Intelligent: Curious, analytical, sagacious, ingenious, creative, skilled and cultured.

Is there borderline personality?

Within the BPC description, explanations that correspond to different personality features and some people are described by the features associated with this disorder. It is mixed, on the one hand, the way they perceive reality and on the other the way they are seen by others: "They are very difficult to treat", "they see you as good as a God and then you are as bad as a Demon "," They are extremely voble "," They bother from anything "," if I say to something they don't like, they see me as their worst enemy ".

It is worth noting that The perception of a person with TLP, sees those around them in a tesselled way, such as angels or demons From the Dutch artist Mauritis Cornelis Escher: o I see angels or I see demons.

One more perception is described by the evolutionary psychologist Robert Kurzban and a professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, in his explanation of how the mind works?. Under the concept of modularity, he points out that there are different parts of the brain that do different things, all areas of the brain interact in a complex way. And, many times the modules do not communicate with each other. Our head is full of contradictory ideas. The human brain can house two mutually incompatible beliefs at the same time. Humans believe in many contradictory things, from perception to morality. Our brains are dedicated to interpreting our experience (networks, 2012). That is, depending on how we interpret reality, we act accordingly. If the world is perceived as bad, we defend ourselves and if it is good, we do not want to detach ourselves from it.

And, in that same dichotomous evaluation, self -perception generates conflicts in social interaction with others and in their own self -concept (perceives angels or perceives demons). Generating a constant imbalance in relations with others and by those who suffer from it. They present sudden and dramatic changes of self-image, characterized by changes in personal or professional objectives, values,.

There is a certain agreement between personality experts in affirming that personality can be categorized in these 5 great features that were described in the Big Five Personality Traits theory of the British psychologist Raymond Cattell (Integral Prevention, 2017).

In its acronym in English it refers to the word Ocean. Next, the categories corresponding to the "five great" and their opposite are described.

Acronym in English Ocean

• EITHER (Open) Opening to new personal experiences, prefer to break the routine. Its opposite is the Cerrazón to experience (or to change).
• C (Responsibility) In the “C” factor, he is an organized individual, with the ability to concentrate, who ends his tasks and thinks before making a decision. Its opposite is irresponsibility.
• AND (Extroversion) Search for emotions, sociability or optimism, the "E" factor examines how much a subject is surrounded by other people, how much he likes to express himself before others, etc. Its opposite is introversion.
• TO (Kindness) is The degree to which the person is respectful, tolerant and quiet. The friendly person, is the one who trusts the honesty of the other individuals, has a vocation to help and assist whoever needs it, is humble and simple, and is empathetic towards the emotions and feelings of others. Its opposite is the abhorrent or unfriendly person.
• N (Neurotism or emotional instability) defines to what degree a person faces without problem the complicated situations of life. Quiet subjects, not very prone to feel anger or get angry, usually remain animated and manage their personal crises very well. The opposite of the neurotic is the relaxed person (Regader, 2019).

The scientific term has vulgarized so much that we call any person who easily loses emotional control and reacts more with emotions than with reason.

• Hopefully today there is no traffic in the peripheral! confuse reality with their wishes
• Or are you in my favor or are you against me?
• They can't wait and want immediate rewards,
• They are extremists, I am keeping it, now that I see it I will say even what is going to die!
• They are exaggeratedly rigid in their actions and thoughts. Of course I am indispensable in my work!
• They are hostile and vindictive. What are not bothering me!, It was me?, It was me?, They are very arguing and apparently analytical and never reach anything.

Personality and self -concept traits

Continuing with that same strategy, if we compare the adjectives that describe the personality traits on the Self-Concept Scale of the Rose and Díaz-Loving (1991), a person with FTA would be affected in their own image in all the factors of which The scale consists of, also presenting that same effervescence between the positive and negative, that same dichotomy, that same: modularity. In short, that same self -organized criticism.

Scale factors:

Only the negative qualifying adjectives of the scale are listed, since they are the ones who, in my experience with this type of patients, are more exacerbated.

• Occupational-educational: Unfulfilled, lazy, unable, inept, irresponsible, inefficient, unpunctual, loose.
• Ethical-moral: unfair, dishonest, liar, corrupt, false, apathetic, volatile, slow, passive, unacceptable, unpleasant, unclean.
• Affiliate sociability: Disrespectful, rude, indecent, hostile, pedantie.
• EXPRESSIVE SOCIIABILITY (COMMUNICATION): Introverted, quiet, boring, shy, inhibited, reserved, lonely, not sociable or inaccessible.
• Mood: Discouraged, sad, frustrated, pessimistic, depressed, failed, melancholic, bitter.
• Interpersonal emotions and feelings: Hateful, dry, cold, rude, indifferent and insensitive.
• Emotional health: Spiteful, temperamental, aggressive, nervous, impulsive, volatile, conflicting, fearful, selfish and anxious.

When personality traits condition the person's behavior at all times, making the social adaptation of individual difficult, then we talk about the possibility of personality disorder.

As a category, there is no borderline personality, but sometimes the constant variability in personality traits, which are tlp, are seen as effervescent symptoms and in constant variation between positive and negative behaviors, which can be associated with other symptoms more general called: “constant changes in mood".

The FTA, as will be seen later presents various aspects that characterize it between them are: difficulty adapting socially, a pattern exacerbated in the management of emotions (emotional instability, fear of abandonment, under impulse control, deep sadness or depression ) And a chaotic life. They have unpredictable responses, consisting of sudden changes of humor or sudden emotional explosions. They can show extreme sarcasm, persistent bitterness or verbal explosions.

As a culmination of this section, it must be understood in this new approach, which They are symptoms associated with altered states or maladaptive patterns that come from different imbalance systems, apparently unconnected (self -organized criticism) and that meet in people who suffer from it as mentioned before. In addition to historical stigma: "We have not understood mental illnesses".

Difficulties in autistic spectrum disorder

TLP definition

Personality limit disorder (TLP), is part of the so -called personality disorders.

In the DSM-IV-TR, 10 personality disorders are described, which, depending on a similarity of characteristics, are divided into 3 groups (A, B and C).

• Group a Includes disorders: paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality, which usually seem rare or eccentric;
• Group b Includes disorders: antisocial, limit, histrionic and narcissistic personality that are usually perceived as dramatic, emotional or unstable;
• Group c includes avoidance disorders, dependence and obsessive-compulsive personality that are usually described as anxious or fearful (Mosquera, 2009).

According to the DSM-IV, the essential characteristic of personality limit disorder is a General pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affectivity, and a remarkable impulsivity which begins at the beginning of adulthood (adolescence) and occurs in various contexts (Mosquera, 2009).

The complexity and sometimes the ambiguity of the term has done to have greater precision to the general symptoms present in these people.

Etiology of personality disorders

In their complexity in general, they can present diverse and complicated behavior patterns. Although each of them is different, they have in common the difficulty in the social interactions that they perform every day.

This is reflected in Excessive dependence with others, a scary fear of intimacy experience, On the other hand, an inability to emotional intelligence in the management of emotions, with Extreme patterns of anger, frustration, anger, sadness or even extreme happiness, which results in a constant state of unhappiness and social maladjustment. Their exacerbated emotionality makes them difficult to understand and be understood by others.

Because personality disorders involve the essence of the individual, They are related to the personality features of each subject, With the uniqueness exacerbated in the management of emotions (positive or negative), the person's life story, the start time of this condition, chronicity and acuity in behavioral experiences and with the quality of their social relationships.

Characteristics of patients with TLP

At the beginning of the previous decade they were known as boundary patients, all those most complex and resistant cases of treatments. Then those between neurosis and psychosis were considered, in the boundaries of schizophrenia. They were then categorized in those who did not fit in any other existing category of the time.

In the eighties he was considered a hybrid between schizophrenia and mood disorders.

However, in all these efforts to understand and classify the disorder, the fundamental feature or cognitive prototype are: Unstable interpersonal relationships. They are affected by irrelevant social situations for the common people and exacerbates their experience: cognitive, physiological, social and individual. Mediated by cognitive distortions, common in all people, but seen more superlatively for them and in general by anyone with an altered mental condition.

In a first impact of coexistence, they can from their perspective believe that a person is totally good or bad, where there are no middle points, a phenomenon that is known as "cleavage". And this leads them, to polarize their experiences leading them to experiment, an ineffable love, the most unheard of fury, an absolute sadness, all at the extremes and can pass from one moment to another from pole to pole for small good or bad actions perceived in His social interaction with others. It is not a bipolar disorder, it is possible to make the clarification.

His intense and changing state in experiencing emotions, also impacts his own identity. It is common because of this, that they self -perceive as aimless people in life, at least as far as their identity is concerned.

Consequently, it is normal for them to constantly change: friends, career, work, couple, values, tastes and goals in life, including their sexual preferences.

The intensity of experiencing these extreme emotions and feelings, does not allow them to properly identify their people and those of people around them, making them see and feel as if they were oneself. Another feature in this field is that one day they feel the most beautiful, important and wonderful people in the world and in an instant they feel the worst engendro of humanity.

Most of those who suffer from this disorder are women, while it is more common. However, this condition could be associated at least in men in the presence of more violent behaviors in the condition of not having emotional intelligence tools.

The intensity with which their emotions live, sometimes, proclars them to suicide attempts, where they do not seek to die but only to attract the attention of the people with whom it interacts, this is known as "parasuicidal" behaviors. Some associated risk behaviors are: cutting or consuming medicines, such as an act of aggression against themselves. The paradox of these actions is that people with this disorder do so to prove that they are really alive.

Those who feel a poor social life and a poor capacity also in the resolution of conflicts or without connections in personal relationships, binds emotional pain, similar to physical pain, without solution and also shines these practices.

After experiencing extreme emotions towards someone or themselves, they can feel ashamed or guilty, which self -convence of their mean nature. As a way to resolve this conflict they have to isolate themselves from others and dissociate themselves.

It is important to note that these people are usually intelligent, acute, funny and ingenious.

The Casandra complex, reason vs intuition

Epidemiology of personality border disorder

In the estimates of epidemiological studies of several countries, the borderline personality disorder is between 1.1 and 4.6% of the general population.

What is the origin of limit or borderline personality disorder?

In general, a transdisciplinary orthodox scheme can be identified with overlapping approaches from biology, psychology and sociocultural patterns (see also the explanation of self -organized criticism).

Epigenetic perspective

Genetics is part of the biology that studies the genes and mechanisms that regulate the transmission of hereditary characters.

An adult who suffers from a borderline personality disorder, who was abused in his childhood, passes that pattern of paternity to the next generation, which then becomes vulnerable to suffering this alteration (Halguin & Krauss, 2004). In my clinical experience there are patients whose parents live.).

However, epigenetics is above genetics.

Epigenetics, is the study of molecular mechanisms through which the environment controls gene activity, is today one of the most active areas of scientific research. The Bruce Lipton cell biologist (2010), he points out, “suddenly I realized that the life of a cell is governed by the physical and energy environment, and not by its genes. Genes are nothing more than molecular planes used for the construction of cells, tissues and organs. It is the environment that acts as the contractor who reads and interprets those genetic planes and, after all, as the ultimate responsible for the character of the life of a cell. It is the perception of the environment of the individual cell, and not its genes, which starts the mechanism of life.

Epigenetics can explain why? certain traumatic events during pregnancy have an impact with a negative impact on embryos and consequently in the future of an adult person.

Some people exposed to acute stress (due to prolonged economic difficulties, sexual or physical abuses, among many other causes) develop subsequent psychological or health problems. Other individuals, on the other hand, face the situation with greater resilience (Nestler, 2018). Stress leaves its molecular footprint. Traumas affect each person differently. The reason for such diversity lies, partly in the epigenetics.

Stressful events in the first years of a person, such as contempt or ill -treatment, can lead to a psychological impact on adulthood. These effects could persist in the children of those affected, even the grandchildren (Arnold, 2018).

Biological perspective

Even when most explanations about borderline disorder are of psychological origin. There are also a number of explanations related to psychological behavior and their biological correlates mediated by the chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters.

An aggressive brain according to Dr Humberto Nicolini, head of the Psychiatric Molecular Genetics Unit of the UNAM, presents abnormal electric discharges, in addition to high levels of testosterone (hormone that activates sex and aggressive circuits) (Brice, 2000).

Having adequate communication or maturity in the expression of emotions (cerebral tonsil) and impulses is a matter of reasoning (prefrontal cortex).

Guido Frank (2007), at the University of California, mentions the relationship between violent attitudes and aggressiveness: People who do not control their emotions, show greater activity in the cerebral tonsil (center of emotions) and lower activity in the frontal lobe, brain region linked to reasoning and decision-making capacity, as well as self-self- control (Castro-Peopa, 2007).

People with personality limit disorder show Altered sympathetic functioning that can interact with a predisposition to impulsivity, due to abnormalities in serotonergic receptors in the brain. The self -destructive and impulsive behaviors of individuals with this disorder, combined with the affliction they experience due to their tendency to react excessively to life events, can produce the characteristics of the borderline personality disorder (Figueroa & Silk, 1997 ).

Psychological perspective

Stress and heartbreak at home suppose children obvious damage during their upbringing. Research decades have also allowed to document the psychological consequences in the adulthood of such experiences (among them, latent depressions and difficulties in maintaining emotional relationships). Current studies confirm that a conflicting family life causes serious physiological effects on neural development (Chant, 2013).

In an investigation carried out at the University of Oregon, magnetic resonances were taken in conflict families that argued in their children when they were sleeping. It was found that heated, aggressive or angry voices excited in children the areas responsible for emotions and stress. Children learn awake or sleeping, as can be seen.

Psychologist Alice Graham points out that: "We should keep in mind that what happens in the environment can literally configure the physical connections in your brain".  Affective disputes do not leave external traces, but they configure internal architecture who is exposed to them, of course, including children.

Another study by Yale University, found through functional magnetic resonance that heartbreak and emotional abuse in childhood reduce the posterior cell density of the brain regions that regulate emotions, having negative repercussions even on adulthood.

A survey carried out in adults at the Medical Center of the Rush University of Chicag.

Experts think of childhood as in the time when many of these individuals experience chaotic and disturbed parental relationships, which interfere with their emotional and interpersonal development. Experiences such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, rejection and abuse of substances or criminal behavior of parents are usually reported in the children's stories of individuals who then present a limit personality disorder (Guzder, Paris, Zelkowitz, and Marchesault , nineteen ninety six).

The initial idea to explain the limit personality disorder in its psychological perspective corresponds to its association with a trauma of childhood: abuse (physical, psychological or sexual), a null, distant or disqualifying affective parenting, by the parents or Main caregivers. Indications of disturbed or toxic paternal patterns and with maladaptive thoughts.

The good news is, that if these risk factors are detected in time, damages can be stopped at the psychological and physical level. In the future, new therapies are most likely oriented to review brain scanners to observe damaged or hyperactivity areas of patients. Exercise and therapy aimed at solving the traumatic cycles of unresolved childhood, most likely patients can help undo the damage caused by heartbreak, neglect or all those social events that generated sick brains.

Cultural perspective

Millón and Davis (1996) argue that the pressures of contemporary society, which cause tension in the families of individuals, can exacerbate poor paternity that, in turn, can cause this disorder.

The patterns of the family imprint, that is to say the sensory seal that the parents learned from their childhood, positive or negative in terms of affective attachment or detachment, affect the offspring. Generally, a disappointment in detachment or raising with physical or emotional abuse sow the seed to establish a poor and social social social cohesion and consequently also social.

Its lack of psychic cohesion reflects the instability within society and the lack of clearly defined cultural norms and expectations ... the child who is subject to the parental conflict tends to feel divided internally and begins to question basic assumptions about stability and predictable aspects of life (Halguin & Krauss, 2004).

The mental illness of other family members (including personality limit disorder), an unstructured environment, together with various episodes of violence including passive violence, feels the basis of the compulsion to repetition. That is, a concept taken from psychoanalysis, whose foundation is that in Families end up repeating behaviors, dreams, thoughts and even unpleasant and even painful situations of our predecessors. Distorting reality, it is normal to speak, in each and every one of us, they are called cognitive distortions and are not exclusive to the borderline personality disorder. However, in this condition and with a crop broth related to the conflict, they are exacerbated here.

Thus, emotions associated with positive or negative events take a superlative and instant direction, as we can see in this situation in cognitive distortions. A cognitive distortion is a cognitive bias where mistakes are made when processing the information. An example of such distortions present in this disorder, in other disorders and patients with depression have been pointed out by various authors (Beck, 1979; Yurica and Ditomasso, 2004), among them they stand out:

• Fortune telling. Forecast a negative result, an emotion or a future event and believe those predictions as true. Example: "I am sure that, although I study I will get nervous on the exam" or "surely the penalty fails".
• Selective abstraction. Process of focusing only on one aspect, detail or negative situation, so that its importance is magnified by putting the entire situation in a negative context. Example: "I am the worst, I have lost the rubber of erase", "surely I will reasso the exam, I have forgotten the pen of luck".
• Statements with "should". They are internal expectations or demands about personal or other abilities or skills, but without analyzing whether they are reasonable in the context in which they are said. Example: "I should have realized that it was wrong and not keep asking me".
• Catastrophism. It occurs when a situation is evaluated with the worst possible result, both of the lived and the future. Example: "It is better not to do the exam because I will suspend it and I will be the worst".
• Comparison. When there is a tendency to compare with others so that it is concluded that it is much worse than the others. Example: "Although I study I can't get better notes than my partner".
• Construction of personal value based on external opinions. When we maintain a personal worth based on third parties. Example: "My coach tells me that they are very bad with the ball, surely he is right" (I hope that no coach tells that a child) or "my boyfriend says that I am silly, surely he is right".
• Disqualification of the positive. When the experiences or positive features of the person are disqualified. Example: “I approved the exam, but it was luckily."
• Labelled. When a person tagged oneself or others in a pejorative way. Example: "I'm ugly," "I'm the worst player in the world".
• Arbitrary inference. Also called "jump to the conclusions". It is the process of obtaining a negative conclusion in the absence of empirical evidence that can endorse it sufficiently. Example: "I will not approve the exam because I am a disaster".
• Read minds. When a person believes that another is thinking about it without evidence of it. Example: "My father thinks that I am useless, even if I say it", "the coach in the background does not trust me".
• Magnification. Tendency to exaggerate the negative of a feature, situation, event or person. Example: “I have failed, my career is over."Or" He didn't like the surprise gift, surely he leaves me ".
• Minimization. Process by which some events, features or circumstances are minimized or removed importance. Example: "He has given me a good night kiss, but I could have given me more", "they have called me three times to leave, but they could have called me more times", "he has only given me a flower, he does not love me".
• Dicotomic thinking. That is, when the thought or is black or white. Own experiences or others are placed in categories that only have two opposite options (good/bad; positive/negative; possible/impossible). Example: "If I don't get a 10 on the exam I will be a loser".
• Perfectionism. When a constant effort is made because an internal or external representation of perfection is fulfilled without examining whether it is reasonable, often to avoid a subjective experience of failure. Example: "In order not to get diploma, I better not go to the competition", "If I do not get the perfect food it is better to stop cooking".
• Personalization. When a personal causality is assumed to a situation, event or reactions of others without evidence to support it. Example: "Pepe and Manuel are laughing, surely it's from me", "The teacher looks at me while correcting, surely suspends me".
• Emotional reasoning. When the opinions are formed on oneself based only on the emotions experienced by the subject. Example: "I am afraid to get on the plane, it is very dangerous to fly" or "I will not touch that dog, the dogs bite". Anger and logic are not mixed. Anger is easier than fear and makes them less vulnerable. When a patient is altered, you can't expect him to act logically, not because he does not want, but because he cannot. A simple anger seems the same as a tremendous one and it is difficult to distinguish.
• Overweight. It's about drawing conclusions based on a few experiences or applying them to a range of unrelated situations. Example: "I have burned the food, I will never know how to do anything correctly", "If my husband does not speak to me, he is sure to prepare the divorce demand".

Symptoms

• Acts of self -harm, such as making cuts on the wrists or overdose.
• Frequent changes in mood.
• Identity changes, altering goals and values.
• Distortion of the image itself.
• Experience fear of abandonment (real or imaginary) reaching extreme measures to avoid separation.
• Impulsivity reflected in abuse or consumption of substances, sexual relations without protection, driving of vehicle recklessly, oniomania or compulsive purchases, binge that the desired work was achieved).
• Loneliness intolerance.
• Loss of contact with reality.
• Come all good or bad.
• Come to others as admirable (idealize) and if they perceive that they commit any fault or, it does not go according to what they think of their second are or become negligible (belittling)
• They are insecure.
• Feelings of vacuum and boredom, humor changes that go from happiness to sadness, irritability, shame and anxiety.
• Manifestation of inappropriate anger, includes verbal or physical fights.

Diagnostic criteria

Diagnosis: The presence of 5 or more can indicate the existence of this disorder

• Identity alteration: self -image or unstable sense of yourself.
• Intense behaviors or recurrent suicidal threats, or self -miting behavior.
• Frantic efforts to avoid real or imaginary abandonment.
• Constant and repetitive ideation or thoughts Paranoid of transitional distrust, persecution or fear, related to serious dissociative stress or symptoms.
• Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially harmful for themselves: (eg ... expenses, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge of food ...)
• Affective instability due to a notable reactivity of the mood (eg.: episodes of intense dysphoria, irritability or anxiety, which usually last a few hours and rarely a few days).
• Inappropriate and intense anger or difficulties in controlling anger (eg.: Frequent samples of evil, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
• Unstable and intense interpersonal relationship pattern, characterized by the alternation between the extremes of idealization and devaluation (you are my sky and my hell).
• Chronic vacuum feelings (be accompanied and feel alone).
• These characteristics must be long duration (years), persistent and intense so that this disorder can be diagnosed and the quality of life is important (Halguin & Krauss, 2004; Mosquera, 2009).

The confrontation in Psychology: What is and what is its utility

Complications

Personality borderline disorder can damage many aspects of your life. It can negatively affect intimate relationships, work, study, social activities and the image you have of yourself and result in the following:

• Frequent job changes or losses.
• Cause yourself to yourself, as cuts or burns, and frequent hospitalizations.
• Non -planned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, car accidents and fights due to impulsive and risky behavior
• Suicide or suicide attempt achieved.
• Multiple legal problems, for example, be sentenced to prison.
• Do not finish your educational training.
• Conflicting relationships, problems in your marriage or divorce
• Get involved in abusive relationships
• In addition, you could suffer other mental disorders, for example:
  • Depression, inappropriate consumption of alcohol or other substances, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, bipolar disorder, post -traumatic stress disorder (PTSP), attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD),
• Other personality disorders (May Clinic, 2018).

Treatment

The patient needs to make his disorder aware and be really motivated to change.

Generally a multidisciplinary work is done with different specialists and the patient, his partner and his family are involved.

The patient is taught to establish limits or an external structure that allows him to adapt to everyday life.

Anxiolytic prescribed by the corresponding specialists.

They are taught new ways to channel their emotions:

• With emotional intelligence strategies
• We give them technological psychotherapy, it is a combination of psychological therapy with low frequency pulsating electromagnetic field:
  • The electromagnetic field benefits is that it helps to regulate the functioning of the cerebral tonsil, which is the center where emotions occur.
  • Balances the electric charges of all patient cells and provides a pleasant relaxation state and reduces cortisol levels,
  • Improves the immune system and blood microcirculation,
  • Allows you to recover your normal sleep and rest states,
  • Increases cell ATP and a sensation of energy is experienced,
  • Improves oxygen and nutrient transport capacity through blood flow and performs an analgesic function,
  • Lower voltage and anxiety levels, and
  • It is a completely natural therapy without side effects (Barrera, 2008).

Creative visualization is worked by building more functional scenarios of adaptation to behaviors that generate intense states of sadness, anger or anger.

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