Types of aphasia characteristics and examples

¿You know what apasia is? Apsia is a language disorder that occurs as a result of a brain injury. It is a disorder that can affect reading, writing, expression or understanding. In short, it is a disease that prevents you from communicating. Generally, aphasia usually occurs suddenly after a stroke or head injury. In this Psychology-online article, let's see The 10 different types of aphasia, their characteristics and examples.

If you inete know what the types of aphasia are, why they occur and what is their treatment, continue reading.

1. Expression aphasia
2. Reception aphasia
3. Driving aphasia
4. Transcortical sensory aphasia
5. Transcortical motor aphasia
6. Global aphasia
7. Mixed aphasia
8. Anomic aphasia
9. Primary progressive aphasia
10. Non -fluente progressive aphasia

Expression aphasia

Expression aphasia is commonly named as Broca aphasia or as Motor aphasia. In that case, the injured area is the Broca area.

It is a type of aphasia characterized by the almost impossibility of fluid verbal production. The individual knows what he means, but he has difficulty saying or writing it.

Example: An individual can say "book two table", when he meant "there are two books on the table".

The symptoms of expression aphasia are:

• The individual speaks little and is aware of his mistakes.
• Inability to find the words you want to speak.
• He strives to accompany the tongue, pharynx and larynx.
• Emits deformed words.
• Complicated words does not have in his speech.
• Language understanding is almost normal.

Reception aphasia

Reception aphasia is also known as Wernicke aphasia or as Sensitive aphasia. In that case, the injury is in the Wernicke area, that is, the temporary-parietal areas.

It is a type of aphasia in which the individual presents language difficulties and understanding difficulties to understand speech, including your own, are not aware of the mistakes they make when communicating. And, there is also an inability to repeat words from other people. That aphasia is characterized by a meaningless creep.

Example: “I called my mother on television and I didn't understand the door. My mother is not yet very old to be young ".

The symptoms of reception aphasia are:

• Inability to repeat words and phrases correctly.
• Severe deficit in auditory understanding and language reader.
• Substitution of words with others with a similar meaning.
• Problems to remember words, such as object names.
• The individual uses words without meanings.
• Lack of awareness of linguistic errors.

Driving aphasia

Driving aphasia is consequence of a brain injury in a part called arched fascicle, which connects the Broca area with the Wernicke area.

The individual with driving apasia has as characteristic a repetition inability. His language is spontaneous and fluente, he presents an articulation and prosody, but the speed of his speech is slow. Presents a relatively normal understanding.

In that aphasia we cannot present an example, but you can imagine a slow -speaking individual, with pronunciation of leisurely words.

The symptoms of driving aphasia are:

• Realization of many pauses when speaking.
• Emission of phrases with few words.
• Little effort when speaking and good articulation.
• They do not usually have syntactic deficits.
• The understanding of oral language is variable.
• Reading aloud and writing present alterations.
• Reading understanding is usually preserved.

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by a Injury at the back of the union between the parietal and occipital bones, An alteration of the bark and parietal bark near the Wernicke area.

In that case, aphasia is characterized by a great difficulty evoking words, Understanding is preserved and individuals have preserved the ability to denomination, although they usually need articulatory aids. It is a type of aphasia that occurs more usually in individuals presenting Alzheimer.

In that aphasia we cannot present an example, but you can imagine an individual with a lot of difficulty saying the words.

The symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia are:

• Frequent confusion.
• Spontaneous fluid language with parafasias and neologisms.
• Denomination problems.
• The individual can repeat quite long words and phrases.
• They usually repeat the last words used by the interlocutor.

Transcortical motor aphasia

Transcortical motor aphasia can also be known as dynamic aphasia. That type of aphasia It arises from injuries In the supplementary motor area of ​​the dominant frontal lobe. Or due to injuries in the white substance in the pre -agent and premotora region.

The individual with transcortical motor aphasia suffers a spontaneous speech reduction, usually your speech is difficult, scarce and composed of short phrases. The understanding is preserved and retains the ability to denomination. It is an aphasia that is accompanied by motor alterations affecting actions.

The symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia are:

• Initial mutism.
• Loss of creep.
• Speak scarce.
• Preserved repetition.
• Motor alterations.

Global aphasia

Global aphasia is characterized by a injury caused by the temporal interruption of blood irrigation in the artery, This injury covers the entire perisilvian area of ​​the dominant hemisphere.

The individual with that type of aphasia has The expressive and understanding functions affected.

That type of aphasia is generally consequence of strokes that compromise the territory of the left middle cerebral artery. When it occurs, at first a total mutism usually appears in the individual, and then moving to a certain verbalization. It is classified as a type of severe aphasia, because most cases, individuals manage to say few words and their understanding is very limited, they do not achieve or read and not write.

Example: The individual, wanting to answer "yes" responds "no", they often confuse themselves by wanting to say one thing and end up saying another.Another example is that they repeat the same syllable "ta ta ta".

The symptoms of global aphasia are:

• Affected Understanding and Expression.
• Impossibility of reading and writing.
• Reduced verbal emissions.
• Stereotyped verbalization.
• Fluency and understanding problems.
• Severe speech disorder.

Mixed aphasia

The mixed aphasia, also named of mixed extrastilvian aphasia, mixed transcortical aphasia or called Isolation syndrome of the language area It arises from certain pathologies, such as: hypoxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute occlusion of the carotid artery or transitory cardiac arrest.

That aphasia is a serious language disorder characterized by non -fluent verbal production, non -understandable expressions, obscene and stereotyped words. It is an aphasia that arises In final stages of Alzheimer's disease, the front-time degeneration and in dementias not specific.

The symptoms of mixed aphasia are:

• Preserved repetition.
• Speak scarce, but with meaning.
• Difficulty in the denomination.
• Affected understanding.
• Alteration in reading and written.

Anomic aphasia

Anomic aphasia can occur due to injuries in various locations or also be residual due to some other aphasia in its rehabilitation process.

That type of aphasia is characterized by a Difficulty in denomination and fluid expression, That happens because individuals with that aphasia have a difficulty to correctly use the name of people, places and things. They have a relatively preserved understanding, although they can present difficulties in understanding written words.

The symptoms of anomic aphasia are:

• Affects nouns.
• Fluid speech, but it is interrupted with the attempt to express certain word.
• Preserved understanding.
• There are no errors in repetition and reading.
• Problems to find nouns in spontaneous writing.

Primary progressive aphasia

Primary progressive aphasia can also be named as mesulam aphasia, It is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the progressive deterioration of language. On the other hand, other cognitive functions remain relatively preserved.

It is an atrophy in frontal and temporal cortical areas, thus, it is considered a Demential syndrome associated with degeneration.

The symptoms of primary progressive aphasia are:

• Difficulty understanding oral or written language, particularly loose words.
• Problems to understand the meaning of words.
• Difficulty to name objects.
• Difficulty remembering words and word substitutions.
• Make frequent breaks when talking to look for words.
• Difficulty repeating phrases or prayers.

Non -fluente progressive aphasia

Progressive non -fluete aphasia is A form of primary progressive aphasia, whose main symptom is Difficulty in verbal production.

The individual with that type of aphasia presents difficulty finding the right word, has little verbal fluidity.

The symptoms of non -fluete progressive aphasia are:

• Loss of verbal creep.
• Mutism.
• Absence of oral expression.
• Grammatical omission.

This article is merely informative, in psychology-online we have no power to make a diagnosis or recommend a treatment. We invite you to go to a psychologist to treat your particular case.

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