What are circular questions in systemic therapy

Circular questions are an exploration technique that seeks to highlight and explore the differences, relationships and sequences of interactions within a family system. They are called "circular" because The idea is to move the conversation from one family member to another, showing the various perceptions and experiences within the family system.

Original from the School of Milan, these questions have transformed the way therapists address family interactions.

Content

• What are the circular questions?
• How do circular questions work?
• Types of circular questions
  • Circular questions as change catalyst
  • References

What are the circular questions?

Circular questions They are used to explore and show dynamics and differences within family relationships. These are questions that are designed to reveal the nature of relationships and the way in which family members influence each other.

They are a tool for Test therapeutic hypotheses. When observing the reactions to these questions, the therapist can collect information that can confirm or challenge the hypotheses that he has asked about the family system. This can guide the direction of therapy and help the therapist identify the areas in which a change or intervention is needed.

It is important to note that circular questions are not necessarily about finding "the truth" or the correct answer. Rather, it's about open a space for reflection, discussion and exploration of new ways of understanding and interacting within the family system. This process can help family members win a new perspective on their problems and find ways to solve them more effectively.

How do circular questions work?

Instead of focusing on an individual, Circular questions divert attention to relationships and behavior patterns Among family members. For example, the therapist could ask: "How do you behave differently when you are with your mother compared to your father?"or" What happens after an argument between you and your brother?"

This type of questions facilitates reflection on their own behaviors and those of others, which can lead to new understandings and possibilities of change. Circular questions seek to open a space for reflection, discussion and exploration of new ways of understanding and interacting within the family system.

Types of circular questions

As we have already mentioned, the term "circular" refers to the objective of moving the conversation of one family member to another, in order to highlight the different perceptions and experiences. Circular questions can help illuminate behavior patterns, beliefs and expectations that contribute to problems within the family system.

There are three types of circular questions that can be used in systemic family therapy:

1. Difference questions: These questions are focused on exploring and underlining differences in the perceptions, experiences and behaviors of family members. For example, a therapist could ask: "Do you notice any difference in how your mother and father treat you when you bring home a good qualification?"
2. Sequence questions: These questions seek to highlight the sequences or patterns of behavior and relationship within the family system. For example, the therapist could ask: "When your brother criticizes you, what usually happens after? How do you respond and how the other family members react?"
3. Hypothesis questions: These questions are used to test the therapist's hypothesis about the family system. For example, the therapist could ask: "If your mother stops working for so many hours and spending more time at home, do you think that would change the dynamics of the family? How?"

It is important to keep in mind that the purpose of circular questions is not to look for a "correct" or "incorrect" answer, but to promote reflection, dialogue and understanding.

Circular questions as change catalyst

One of the fundamental objectives of circular questions is to cause changes in family dynamics.

When testing the therapeutic hypotheses and observing the reactions to these questions, the therapist can obtain information that can confirm or challenge the hypotheses that he has formulated about the family system. This can guide the direction of therapy and help the professional identify the areas where change or intervention is needed.

Family rituals to facilitate change

References

• Andolfi, m., & Angelo, C. (1981). "Family therapy". Paidós.
• Hoffman, l. (1985). "Beyond the systems approach: new methods for change in family therapy". Amorrortu.
• PALAZZOLI SELVINI, M., Boscol, l., Cecchin, g., & Prata, G. (nineteen ninety five). "The perverse games of the family". Gedisa.